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- From Schechter.1@osu.edu Tue Sep 21 20:36:35 1993
- Newsgroups: comp.sys.mac.hardware,comp.sys.mac.misc,comp.answers,news.answers
- Subject: Macintosh PowerPC FAQ
- Date: 19 Sep 1993 01:36:18 GMT
- Organization: The Ohio State University
- Summary: This posting contains a list of questions and (often speculative)
- answers about PowerPC and its relation to the Macintosh.
- Originator: sschecht@magnusug.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu
-
- Archive-name: macintosh/PowerPC-FAQ
- Last-modified: 1993/09/07
- Version: 1.0
- Frequency: Posted once every two weeks.
- Supersedes: <265qei$dg2@charm.magnus.acs.ohio-state.edu>
-
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Macintosh PowerPC Frequently Asked Questions
- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- VERSION/DISCLAIMER
- FAQ Prototype #3 - reader beware. I do not guarentee or take any
- responsibility for the validity of this document. Remember that much of
- this information comes from corporate PR, and hence may hold very little
- relation to the truth. Remember what your mother told you about guys like
- me. etc.
- The editor of this FAQ is not an employee of Apple, IBM, or Motorola,
- but is simply an individual trying to make information easily available
- over the Internet.
-
- FOLLOW-UP INFO
- Please contribute questions, corrections, and any additional information
- relavent to this FAQ by emailing the author at `Schechter.1@osu.edu'.
- PLEASE DO NOT ADD TO NET TRAFFIC BY POSTING THIS INFORMATION!
-
- CREDIT WHERE DUE
- Much of the information in this FAQ came from MacWeek magazine, Internet
- posts, Motorola advertisements, Apple press releases, and individual
- contributors. Other information was included that was "common knowledge" or
- >from the editors personal experience. Much of the information added since
- the first version of this FAQ came via email from contributors listed in
- the "acknowledgments" section at the end of this document.
-
- PURPOSE
- This FAQ was created in response to a request for a PowerPC FAQ in
- comp.sys.mac.hardware. It may eventually be used as the FAQ for the
- proposed comp.sys.mac.powerpp newsgroup.
-
-
- **************************Table of Contents******************************
-
- Introduction (Above)
- Headers
- Version/Disclaimer
- Follow-up Info
- Credit Where Do
- Purpose
-
- Table of Contents
- (you are here)
-
- The Chip
-
- What makes a PowerPC microprocessor a PowerPC microprocessor?
- Who is currently developing/manufacturing PowerPC microprocessors?
- Who makes the PowerPC 601?
- What other PowerPC microprocessors are planned for the future?
- How can I reach Motorola for even more PowerPC info?
-
- Operating Systems
-
- What operating systems are being developed for the PowerPC and when will
- they be available?
-
- The First Machines
-
- When can I get my first PowerPC computer?
- Will the first Apple Power PC machines have AV (Audio Visual) capabilities,
- like a built in DSP chip?
- Can I upgrade my machine?
- What bus will the PowerPC Macintosh use for expansion slots?
-
- Programmers Questions
-
- How should I program now to avoid PPC porting problems later?
- With 64 bit addressing coming out with the PowerPC 620, should I start
- programming 64 bit clean?
- How do I do this?
- Where can I get information on programming the PowerPC?
-
- Acknowledgments
-
- Contributors
-
-
- ******************************The Chip***********************************
-
-
- What makes a PowerPC microprocessor a PowerPC microprocessor?
-
- A PowerPC microprocessor is a RISC microprocessor written to standards
- formalized by an alliance between Apple, Motorola, and IBM. This standard
- will allow multiple manufacturers to release their own versions of PowerPC
- chips that will run the same source code. The PowerPC architecture was
- based on IBM's POWER architecture, the foundation for IBM's RS/6000 line of
- computers.
- Note, the PowerPC 601 is really a processor for transition to PowerPC.
- Maintaining POWER compatability in the architecture necessited some
- differences. A few minor operations aren't supported. The PowerPC
- specification calls for both instruction and data caches, yet the PPC 601
- has a combined cache.
-
- Who is currently developing/manufacturing PowerPC chips?
-
- Motorola and IBM are both in the process of developing PowerPC chips.
- While prototypes exist, no chips are currently available to the market in
- mass quantities. Rumor has it IBM is currently manufacturing and stockpiling
- PPC 601's at this time.
-
-
- Who makes the PowerPC 601?
-
-
- IBM does the actual manufacturing of the PowerPC 601. How much each
- company contributed to the design of the chip is not clear. Motorola, which
- markets the PPC 601, is concentrating its efforts on its ULSI (Ultra Large
- Scale Integration) technology integral to future chip production. Hence, it
- is no suprise that the PPC 603, 604, and 620 will be manufactured by
- Motorola.
-
-
- What are the specs on the PowerPC 601?
-
- The following are the speed benchmarks Motorola has released for a
- PowerPC 601 running at 66 MHz vs. the Pentium. Note that Apple has
- performed machine demonstrations using PowerPC chips running at speeds as
- fast as 80 MHz.
-
- Test PowerPC 601 @66 MHz Pentium @ 66 MHz
- SPECint92 >60 64.5
- SPECfp92 >80 56.9
- Power (worst case) 8.5w 16w
- Die Size (mm^2) 120 262
-
- Other PowerPC 601 Specifications
- Cache Size 32k (both data and instructions on one cache)
- Registers 32 general purpose (data/address)
- Size - 32 bit
- 32 floating point (IEEE compliant)
- Size - 64 bit
- Number of Execution Units 3 (Integer, Floating Point, Branch Processor)
- Data Bus Width 64 bits
- Address Bus Width 32 bits
- Virtual Address Capacity 52 bits
- Memory Protection Yes
- Cost $450 Quantity 1
-
-
-
- What other PowerPC microprocessors are planned for the future?
-
- The PowerPC 603, the miser of the PowerPC line, is expected in mid 1994.
- It will be the lowest power consumer and all around smallest chip of the
- PowerPC line, yet will rival the 601 in performance. Expect this chip to
- appear in portable computers, PDAs, and even cars. Expected to cost in the
- $50 range, this microprocessor will bring high performance computing to a
- new range of applications in devices which have yet to take full advantage
- of computing technology.
- Also due in mid 1994, the PowerPC 604 is slated to be the processor of
- choice for high end desktop computing. Many expect it to replace the
- PowerPC 601 much in the way the 68030 has replaced the 68000 in today's
- Macintosh computers.
- At the top of the line we'll see the PowerPC 620, which will handle deal
- with data and addresses as 64 bit quantities. Motorola is claiming the 620
- will run at 200 to 400 SPECmarks, serving as a high end workstation and
- server. This processor probably will not be available until late 1994. A
- 32 bit emulation mode is anticipated so that it will be able to run
- software that
- isn't 64 bit clean.
-
-
- How can I reach Motorola for even more PowerPC info?
-
- General Information:
- 1-800-845-MOTO
-
- For Literature:
- USA: Motorola Literature Distribution
- P.O. Box 20912
- Phoenix, AZ 85036
-
- EUROPE: Motorola Ltd.
- European Literature Centre
- 88 Tanners Drive
- Blakelands
- Milton Keynes, MK14 5BP, UK
-
- JAPAN: Nippon Motorola Ltd.
- 4-32-1, Nishi-Gotanda
- Shinagawa-ku
- Tokyo 141 Japan
-
- ASIA: Motorola Semiconductors H. K. Ltd.
- Silicon Harbour Center
- No. 2 Dai King Street
- Tai Po Industrial Estate
- Tai Po, N.T., Hong Kong
-
- Motorola Semiconductor Products Sector Technical Responsiveness Center:
- (800) 521-6274.
-
-
- ***************************Operating Systems*****************************
-
-
- What operating systems are being developed for the PowerPC and when will
- they be available?
-
- System 7 (Apple)
- Apple plans to release its first PowerPC based Macintosh computers in
- early 1994 with System 7 as its native operating system. A large portion of
- the ROM and operating system code will be native, but since 68020 emulation
- will be built in, rarely used Macintosh calls may be emulated. System 7 on
- the PowerPC will run software native to both the 68000 series and the
- PowerPC.
-
- PowerOpen (PowerOpen Inc.)
- PowerOpen is an operating system standard designed by the PowerOpen
- Consortium. Members of the consortium (which of course, include Apple, IBM,
- and Motorola), may each release their own version of PowerOpen. Current
- plans call for a Unix operating system built on the Open Software
- Foundation's OSF/1
- kernel. The first releases will emulate code written for 680x0 Macs, and
- run code native to AIX. Code written for System 7 (680x0 or PPC native)
- will run in addition to Unix code compiled specifically for PowerOpen.
-
- AIX (IBM)
- IBM's version of UNIX will be the native operating system on the first
- PowerPCs.
-
- OS/2 (IBM)
- IBM's standard for its Intel based machines can be expected to be
- running on PowerPC's sometime in 1994.
-
- Pink (Taligent)
- Taligent (The Child of Apple & IBM) plans to release its operating
- system in 1995. This operating system will run software originally written
- for a number of different operating environments.
-
- Solaris (Sun)
- Sun announced a version of its Solaris variant of the Unix operating
- system in late March. A planned release date is not known.
-
- Windows (Insignia & Microsoft)
- Insignia licensed code from Microsoft so that they could bring
- SoftWindows to the PowerPC. SoftWindows will run on top of System 7.
- Emulation speed of SoftWindows is said to be approx. 486SX/33. FPU will not
- be emulated.
-
- Windows NT (Motorola?)
- Microsoft recently licensed the code for Windows NT to Motorola. Whether
- this code will be re-licensed to Apple or IBM has yet to be seen. Expect
- some form of Windows NT in '94.
-
- Also rumored...
- NetWare (Novell)
- Unix System V (AT&T)
-
-
- ***************************The First Machines****************************
-
-
- When can I get my first PowerPC computer?
-
- Apple is currently planning to release its first PowerPC during the
- first half of 1994.
- According to MacWeek, the first PowerPC Macs will appear in Centris 610
- box and have a price tag of less than $2,000 (whether this will include
- monitor and keyboard is unspecified). MacWeek also states that March will
- bring a "Centris-650-like sibling" sporting three NuBus slots.
- Portable PowerPC 603 Macintosh's are expected in late 1994, early 1995.
-
- IBM is also planning to use PowerPC's in everything from portables to
- desktops to RS/6000 workstations. Claims that these will be available by
- the end of this year are realistic because IBM has been supporting the
- POWER architecture for years. Rumor has it IBM even plans to build
- mainframes with PowerPC 620 chips.
- (Latest rumor is that we'll see an IBM PowerPC 601 based machines by the
- end of September. This may not be unrealistic when you consider that
- IBM is manufacturing the first 601 chips, and controls the supply.)
-
-
- Will the first Apple PowerPC's have AV (Audio Visual) capabilities, like a
- built in DSP?
-
- Not likely. PowerPC chips are fast enough so that they should be able to
- do Digital Signal Processing (DSP) without an additional chip. Exactly what
- AV capabilities will be supported in the first machines is not clear.
-
-
- Can I upgrade my machine?
-
- The official Apple Macintosh upgrade path will include the following
- machines:
- Macintsoh IIvx
- Macintsoh IIvi
- Centris 610
- Centris 650
- Centris 660AV
- Quadra 800
- Quadra 840AV
- Apple Workgroup Server 60
- Apple Workgroup Server 80
-
- In addition, Apple will be licensing chips and ROM's to third parties
- for use in upgrade cards for other Macintosh models. Remember, however,
- that these models often have a slow bus and slow memory. The result is that
- even if a third party upgrade board is provided for, say, an SE/30, it will
- still not run as fast as a new machine.
-
-
- What bus will the PowerPC Macintosh use for expansion slots?
-
- The first few machines will probably use the same NuBus technology in
- Apple's new AV machines. Later, Intel's PCI (Peripheral Component
- Interconnect) bus standard will be used, as its speeds are far superior to
- NuBus.
-
-
- *************************Programmer's Questions**************************
-
-
- How should I program now to avoid PPC porting problems later?
-
- 1. Program in C or C++
- (Although Pascal and other languages will eventually be released,
- C and C++ will be the first languages available.)
- 2. Don't assume variable sizes will remain the same. An 'int' in
- Think C is 16 bits, but PowerPC compilers will use 32 bits.
- 3. Make your code ANSI C compliant
- 4. Avoid programming in assembly language at all costs. If speed is an
- issue, code in C first, and then conditionally compile 680x0 code
- in as well.
- 5. If you have a great amount of assembly language code, and you want to
- start preparing to port now, consider using Echo Logic's FlashPort.
- For more information, contact Echo Logic at:
- 943 Holmdel Rd.
- Holmdel, NJ 07733
- Telephone - (908) 946-1100
- Fax - (908) 946-9146
-
-
- With 64 bit addressing coming out with the PowerPC 620, should I start
- programming 64 bit clean?
-
- YES
-
-
- How do I do this?
-
- This has yet to be made clear. The best advice would be to program in
- clean C or C++, without making assumptions about pointer size.
-
-
- Where can I get information on programming the PowerPC?
-
- The PowerPC 601 User's Manual (order number MPC601UM/AD) is available
- for about $6 from
- Motorola Literature Distribution
- P.O. Box 20912
- Phoenix, Arizona 85036
- (phone 800-521-6274).
- It describes the architecture and instruction set of the PowerPC 601.
-
- [There is also another Motorola manual about development tools for the 601
- Can someone email purchase info to the editors?]
-
-
- *****************************Acknowledgments*****************************
-
-
- This FAQ is the creation of its editor, Schechter.1@osu.edu (Stuart
- Schechter), and the following contributors:
- yoshio@CS.UCLA.EDU (Yoshio Turner), kelleyb@austin.ibm.com,
- root@physix.mta.ca (Stewart Walker), Chris_Pruett@notes.seagate.com (Chris
- Pruett), ddkilzer@iastate.edu (David D. Kilzer), dmorley@skate.rutgers.edu
- (Darin S. Morley), dave@humanitas.ucsb.edu (David Bosso), amm@kodak.com
- (Alan M. Mathiowetz), and others.
-
- Sorry if I've left anyone out!
- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- There is an exception to every rule| Stuart E. Schechter (Schechter.1@osu.edu)
- and his name is... | Computer & Information Science Major
- | OSU College of Engineering Honors Program
- -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=>Stuart | ENG Rep - CIS Undergrad Studies Committee
- ==============================================================================
- "It is better to be a closet claustrophobic than a flaming pyromaniac."
-
-
-
-